Chemistry 9th (Punjab Board)

After studying this chapter, students will be able to: • Define chemistry as the study of matter, its properties, composition, and interactions with other matter and energy. Or Study of earth (solids), Air (gasses), Sea (liquids) and sky (plasma) and their interaction with each other. • Explain with examples that chemistry has many sub-fields and interdisciplinary fields. Some examples include • Biochemistry • Medicinal Chemistry • Polymer Chemistry • Geochemistry • Environmental Chemistry • Analytical Chemistry • Physical Chemistry • Organic Chemistry • Inorganic Chemistry • Nuclear Chemistry • Astro-chemistry • Define matter as a substance having mass and occupying space. • State the distinguishing macroscopic-properties of commonly: observed states of solids; liquids and gases in particular density, compressibility, and fluidity. • Identify that state is a distinct form of matter (examples could include familiarity with plasma; intermediate states and exotic states e .g., BEC or liquid crystals). • Explain the allotropic forms of solids (Some examples may include diamond, graphite, and fullerenes) • Explain the difference between elements, compounds and mixtures. • Identify solutions, colloids, and suspensions as mixtures and give an example of each. • Explain the effect of temperature on solubility and formation of unsaturated and saturated solutions